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Where
has the Safe Water System been used?
 Madagascar
Programme
MAHAVITA Project
Partners
- CDC
- CARE
- CARE CDC
Health Initiative
- National CDC Foundation
- Population
Services International (PSI)
- USAID
- Centre
National de Recherches sur l'Environnement
- Catholic
Relief Services
- UNICEF
Target
Populations/Location
- Urban
flood zone of Antananarivo in CARE’s Programme MAHAVITA (Household Livelihood
Security)
- Populations
affected by cholera epidemic of 2000
- Populations
affected by Cyclones Eline and Hudah
Project
design
- A large-scale
implementation project funded by the CARE/CDC Health Initiative that
is being incorporated into CARE’s Programme MAHAVITA. The methodology
employed includes the community mobilization process that characterizes
Programme MAHAVITA. In addition, PSI has been incorporated into the
project to conduct a social marketing campaign.
Intervention
elements
- Sodium
hypochlorite solution produced locally by PSI. The brand name is Sur’Eau.
- Locally
available, 20-liter plastic jerry cans
- Community
mobilization
- Social
marketing
Project
start date Results
of project evaluations
- Sur’Eau
- Most
households that used Sur’Eau were able to maintain adequate
free
chlorine residuals that were significantly higher than those families
not using Sur’Eau.
- Observed
use of Sur’Eau was 11.2%, which is acceptable for the first 6 months
of a social marketing campaign.
- Sur’Eau
users were more likely to purchase a jerry can, indicating that they
were more likely to prioritize spending their money to improve their
health.
- A decreased
percentage of people reported using Sur’Eau daily as compared to the
baseline survey and a lower percentage of respondents said that they
would use it in the future. In addition, the percentage of repeat
buyers of Sur’Eau appeared to be declining. However, the baseline
survey was done during a cholera epidemic and the follow-up survey
was conducted in the dry season when diarrhea cases tend to decrease.
- Alternative
water treatment methods, specifically boiling, were
found
to be common practices in this survey. This finding may reflect both
cultural practices and the time of year, for during cold weather,
the custom is to drink hot rice water rather than cool water.
- Brand
name recognition of Sur’Eau has increased since the baseline survey,
which attests to the effectiveness of the social marketing campaign.
- Only
about one-fourth of follow-up survey respondents spontaneously said
that Sur’Eau was for preventing diarrhea and cholera.
- Survey
findings suggested that lower educational levels of female heads of
household and lower estimated household wealth serve as potential
barriers to purchase and use of Sur’Eau products.
- Among
non-users of Sur’Eau, 10% said they did not use Sur’Eau because they
did not know where to buy it.
- Jerry
cans
- Use
of the jerry can increased from 2.9% to 12.2% during the first 6 months
of the project.
- Bucket
use still remains high.
- The
cover on the bucket does not seem to make a difference in the ability
of the treated water to maintain its free chlorine concentration.
- The
free chlorine levels did not appear to be higher in the jerry can.
- FAMOA
process
- FKT’s
that had completed the FAMOA process exhibited a statistically significant
higher proportion of households using Sur’Eau and jerry cans than
FKT’s that are at an earlier stage of the FAMOA process.
Remarks
- Project
to expand nationwide through USAID funding
- CDC safe
water vessels to be market-tested
- CARE to
establish a technical support and coordination service for partners
network for the nationwide expansion of Sur’Eau
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