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Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), World Health Organization
A guide to essential practice
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STI/RTI basics
General skills for STI/RTI education and counselling Box 4.1 lists some general skills that health care providers should develop in order to educate and counsel patients. Many of them are also useful for history-taking and examination. Education and counselling often start early in the consultation, when the health care provider asks questions about risk, symptoms and signs of infection. Remember that adolescents in particular may not admit to being sexually active, and may not recognize, or be comfortable talking about, symptoms of infection or pregnancy. Prevention advice to individuals should be based on their personal needs and concerns, and related to practical steps they can take to reduce their risk of acquiring infection and developing complications.
Box 4.1. Skills for education and counselling
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Contents
Infections of the male and female reproductive tract and their consequences: The role of clinical services in reducing the burden of STI/RTI Preventing STIs/RTIs and their complications How to prevent iatrogenic infections How to prevent endogenous infections Detecting STI/RTI STI/RTI education and counselling General skills for STI/RTI education and counselling Promoting prevention of STI/RTI and use of services Reducing barriers to use of services Raising awareness and promoting services Reaching groups that do not typically use reproductive health services STI/RTI Assessment during Routine Family Planning Visits Integrating STI/RTI assessment into routine FP services Family planning methods and STIs/RTIs STI/RTI Assessment in pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period Management of symptomatic STIs/RTIs Syndromic management of STI/RTI Management of common syndromes STI case management and prevention of new infections STI/RTI complications related to pregnancy, miscarriage, induced abortion, and the postpartum period Infection following childbirth Vaginal discharge in pregnancy and the postpartum period Sexual violence Medical and other care for survivors of sexual assault Annex 1. Clinical skills needed for STI/RTI Annex 2. Disinfection and universal precautions Preventing infection in clinical settings High-level disinfection: three steps Annex 3. Laboratory tests for RTI Interpreting syphilis test results Clinical criteria for bacterial vaginosis (BV) Gram stain microscopy of vaginal smears Use of Gram stain for diagnosis of cervical infection Annex 4. Medications Antibiotic treatments for gonorrhoa Annex 5. --------
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The Mother and Child Health and Education Trust
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Sexually
transmitted and other reproductive tract infections