India

• The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in India is 254 per 100,000 live births according to Sample Registration System (SRS) Report for 2004-2006. This is a decline from the earlier ratio of 301 during 2001-2003.
   
• In the region, the MMR in China stands at 45, Sri Lanka at 58, Bangladesh at 570, Nepal at 830 and Pakistan at 320 in 2006.
   
• Wide disparities exist across states in India. The MMR ranges from 95 in Kerala to 480 in Assam.
   
• MMR has a direct impact on infant mortality Babies whose mothers die during the first 6 weeks of their lives are far more likely to die in the first two years of life than babies whose mothers survive.
   
• Only 47 per cent of women likely in India have an institutional delivery and 53 percent had their births assisted by a skilled birth attendant. As many as 49 percent of pregnant women still do not have three antenatal visits during pregnancy. Only 46.6 percent of mothers receive iron and folic acid for at least 100 days during pregnancy.

Key Issues

• About half of the total maternal deaths occur because of hemorrhage and sepsis. A large number of deaths are preventable through safe deliveries and adequate maternal care.
   
• More than half of all married women are anaemic and one-third of them are malnourished

Maternal Mortality in India: Using International and Constitutional Law to Promote Accountability and Change
The Center for Reproductive Rights - 2008 pdf

The Government of India has a legal obligation to ensure that women do not die or suffer complications as a result of preventable pregnancy-related causes. The staggering scale and continuing occurrence of maternal deaths and morbidity in India reveals the Government’s failure to protect women’s rights and comply with international law.

As the nation leading the world with respect to the number of maternal deaths, the Indian government has an immediate obligation to take meaningful steps to dramatically reduce maternal mortality by fully implementing national policies on maternal health and holding those responsible for the failure of its policies accountable.

This report is intended to serve as a resource for those interested in using international and constitutional legal norms and mechanisms to establish government accountability for maternal deaths and pregnancy-related morbidity through public interest litigation and human rights advocacy.


India Statistics - Women - UNICEF
Estimates of Maternal Mortality Ratios in India and its States - A Pilot Study pdf
Institute for Research in Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research - July 2003

Andaman & Nicobar (UT) Haryana Mizoram Andhra Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Nagaland Arunachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Orissa Assam Jharkhand Pondicherry (UT) Bihar Karnataka Punjab Chandigarh (UT) Kerala Rajasthan Chhattisgarh Lakshadweep (UT) Sikkim Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT) Madhya Pradesh Tamil Nadu Daman and Diu (UT) Maharashtra Tripura Delhi (UT) Manipur Uttar Pradesh Goa Meghalaya Uttaranchal Gujarat West Bengal

 

Economic Crises Affect Children. Interview with Jed Friedman. WorldBank

 

 

 

India Country Statistics from UNICEF

India: Census 2011: Provisional Population Totals- pdf 4.3 mb
Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India - Ministry of Home Affairs - 31st March 2011

Census India - 2001
Rural - Urban distribution of population - India and States / Union Territories  

India Statistics - UNICEF

Review of National Immunization Coverage 1980-2002, India WHO/UNICEF - October, 2003
13 pages - pdf 125 kb 

Demographics and Health Surveys [DHS] - India Publications
India Country Statistics - Indicators �1992/93  &  1998/99 

National Family Health Survey, India 1998-1999 (NFHS-2) 

Online Maps by MapMyIndia

Knowledge Management policy for Health - Service, Education and Research - Draft
Department of Health Research - 9 pages - pdf 90 kb 

National Health Research Policy - 16 pages - pdf 90 kb 
Department of Health Research Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India - New Delhi, February 2011


 

Indian Online Women and Moms: Research Review by TrendsSpotting

 

Facts and Figures

UNDP’s Assessment Report -- What will it take to achieve the MDGs

 

India’s progress towards the healthcare MDGs
by Meg Towle | 3.14.2011

 

Achieving MDGs in India
Elimination of inequalities and harnessing new opportunities for implementation of policies and programmes
INDIA’S HEARTLAND STATES NEED URGENT ACTION TO FAST TRACK PROGRESS

 

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
INDIA COUNTRY REPORT 2009 - download pdf
Mid-Term Statistical Appraisal
Central Statistical Organization, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India

 

India MDG Report 2009

Fast facts from India’s 2009 MDG Report:

• The absolute number of poor in the country has declined from about 320 million (36 percent of total population) in 1993-94 to about 301 million (27.6 percent of total population) in 2004-05. With this rate of decline, the country is expected to have a burden of about 279 million of people (22.1 percent) living below the poverty line in the year 2015.
   
• All-India trend of the proportion of underweight (severe and moderate) children below three years of age shows India is going slow in eliminating the effect of malnourishment. The estimate of the proportion has declined only marginally during 1998-99 to 2005-06, from about 47 to about 46 percent and at this rate of decline is expected to come down to about 40 percent only by 2015.
   
• With 1.9 million tuberculosis cases estimated in 2008 India has one fifth of the world’s total. Globally India also made the most notable progress in providing treatment across the country’s entire population – in 2008 over 1.5 million patients were enrolled for treatment.
   
• During the past decade India’s forest cover has increased by 728 sq. km, access to improved water sources is up from 68.2 percent in 1992-93 to 84.4% in 2007-08 – in urban areas it has gone up to 95%. According to India’s MDG Report “India, one of the most densely populated countries in the world, has the lowest sanitation coverage”. Sanitation remains a major challenge and half the population does not have access to toilets – in rural areas this is as high as 66%.
   
• Going at the rate by which youth literacy increased between 1991 and 2001- from 61.9 to 76.4 percent, India is expected to have youth literacy of 82.1 by 2007 and 100 percent by the end of 2012.
   
• Gender parity in primary and secondary education is likely to be achieved though not in tertiary education.  However, share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector can at best be expected to reach a level of about 24 percent by 2015, far short of a parity situation.

 

Millennium Development Goals
India Country Report 2007

Contents
List of Tables
List of Charts and Maps
Acronyms
Foreword
Preface
Introduction

Chapters
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3: Promote gender equality & empower women
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, & other diseases
Goal 7: Ensure environment sustainability
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership of development

Annexure
I : India's MDG-framework of indicators 7 their metadata
II : MDG Indicators Database of India- Official National Data & UN Data
III : References

India - Country Profile: Human Development Indicators

Human Development Report 2011 - download report
Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All
Explanatory note on 2011 HDR composite indices
India - HDI values and rank changes in the 2011 Human Development Report


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India - Facts and Figures

Age distribution Agriculture (168) Background (9) Crime (48) Currency (10) Democracy (28) Disasters (16) Economy (1979) Education (251) Energy (819) Environment(123) Food (7) Geography (60) Government(160) Health (204) Identification (19) Immigration (32)

Industry (52) Internet (20) Labor (152) Language (10) Lifestyle (9) Media (141) Military (110) Mortality (5) People (279) Religion (36) Sports (183) Taxation (47) Terrorism (20) Transportation(148) Top Rankings Bottom Rankings

 

Background: India is the largest country in South Asia but only the 7th largest in the world, with a surface area of 3.2 million sq km. The former British colony, however, the 2nd highest population on earth, with some 1.19 billion people, a figure only beaten only by China's population of 1.34 billion. The country has an extensive coastline, with the western coast facing onto the Arabian Sea, the southern facing onto the Indian Ocean, an the eastern facing the Bay of Bengal. India has land borders with Pakistan (2,912km) to the north west, China (3,380km), Nepal (1,690km) and Bhutan (605km) to the north, Bangladesh (4,053km) and Burma (1,463km) to the east.


BORDERS: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

POPULATION: 1,189,172,906

GDP PER CAPITA: $2,625.09 per capita

CAPITAL WITH POPULATION: New Delhi - 294,149

LARGEST CITY WITH POPULATION: Mumbai - 11,914,398

ALTERNATIVE NAMES: India, Republic of India

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Demographics of India

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Population growth, from 443 million in 1960 to 1,004 million in 2000

Map showing the population density of each district in India

Map showing the population growth over the past ten years of each district in India

Map showing the literacy rate of each district in India

 

Chart showing the Total Fertility Rate of Indian states (SRS survey 1996-98)^[1]

India has a population of approximately 1.136 billion people (estimate for September 1, 2007 based on interpolating on estimates by Census Bureau of India for March 1 of 2007 and 2008), comprising approximately one-sixth of the world's population. This population is remarkably diverse; it has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman languages) as well as a language isolate (the Nihali language^[2] spoken in parts of Maharashtra). Further complexity is lent by the great variation that occurs across this population on social parameters such as income and education. Only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, cultural and genetic diversity of India.^[3] These factors render the task of comprehensively detailing the Demographics of India prohibitive; some important indices are available, nevertheless.

Contents 1 Salient features 2 Census 3 Key data 4 Religious breakdown 5 Ethnic groups 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

 

Salient features

Although India occupies only 2.4% of the world's land area, it supports over 16% of the world's population. 31.8% of Indians are younger than 15 years of age.^[4] As per the 2001 census, 72.22% of the people live in more than 550,000 villages, and the remainder in more than 2000 towns and cities.^{[citation needed][5]}

Although 80.5% of the people are Hindus,^[6] India is also home to the third-largest Muslim population in the world 13.4% after Indonesia and Pakistan. India also contains the majority of the world's Zoroastrians, Sikhs and Jains. Other religious groups include Christians (2.3%), Buddhists (0.8%), Jews and Bah�'�s.^[7]

 

Census

The most recent census of India was performed in 2001 for enumeration as of March 1 of that year.^[8] It was the 14th census in an unbroken series, and the 6th after independence in 1947 (with the exception that census could not be held for Assam in the 1981 and Jammu & Kashmir in 1991). Eight censuses were performed under the British Raj, the first one was carried out throughout the 1860s and completed in 1872. After this, there has been 'one census every decade starting 1881'.

The 2001 census was conducted in two phases, the first being Housenumbering and Houselisting operations, carried out in May 2000, and the second being population enumeration, carried out from February 9 to 28, 2001. The reference time for the census is 1 March, 2001. The homeless population was enumerated on 28 February. A revisional round was undertaken 1 to 5 March 2001 to account for mutations between the time of visit in February and 1 March.^{[citation needed]}

The total population calculated for 1 March 2001 was 1,027,015,247, making the 2001 census the first to count more than a billion Indians.^[9] The population had risen by 21.34% compared to the 1991 total. The female population had increased by 0.3 percentage points to 48.4%.^[10]

See list of States of India by urban population. Maharashtra has the largest urban agglomeration while Delhi is the most urbanised market at over 93% urbanization.

There are several nomadic communities found in all over India. Their population is not estimated in India, but it is supposed that they make up 7% of total population of India^{[citation needed]}.

 

Key data

Total Population: 1,129.9 million(July 1, 2007 est. CIA)^[11] 1,028.7 million(2001 Census final figures, March 1 enumeration and estimated 124 thousand in areas of Manipur that could not be covered in the enumeration)

Rural Population: 72.2%, male: 381,668,992, female: 360,948,755 (2001 Census)

Table 1: Population History

Year	Total Population
1960	443,000,000
1970	553,000,000
1980	684,000,000
1990	838,141,000
2000	1,004,591,054
2005	1,095,054,669
2007	1,129,866,154

Table 2: Population Projections (in millions)

Year	Under 15	15-64	65+	Total
2000	361	604	45	1010
2005	368	673	51	1093
2010	370	747	58	1175
2015	372	819	65	1256
2020	373	882	76	1331

Source: Based on P.N. Mari Bhat, "Indian Demographic Scenarion 2025", Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, Discussion Paper No. 27/2001.

Urban Population: Age structure:
0–14 years: 30.8%, male: 188,208,196, female: 171,356,024
15–64 years: 64.3%, male: 386,432,921, female: 364,215,759
65+ years: 4.9%, male: 27,258,259, female: 30,031,289 (2007 est.) The average age of Indians is 24.8 years.

Population growth rate: 1.38% (2007 est.)

Birth rate: 22.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate: 6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Literacy rate: 79,9% (2007 est.)^[12]

Percent of the population under the poverty line: 22% (2006 est.)

Unemployment Rate: 7.8%

Net migration rate: − -0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.098 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.061 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.908 male(s)/female
total population: 1.064 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate: total: 34.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) female: 29.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 39.42 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 68.59 years
male: 66.28 years
female: 71.17 years (2007 est.)
 

Total fertility rate: 2.81 children born/woman (2007 est.) The TFR (Total number of children born per women ) according to Religion in 2001 was : Hindus - 2.27, Muslims - 3.06, Sikhs - 1.86, Christians - 2.06, Buddhists - 2.29, Jains - 1.50 , Animists and Others - 2.99, Tribals - 3.16, Scheduled Castes - 2.89.^[13]
 

Nationality:
noun: Indian(s)
adjective: Indian

Religions: Hindu 82.5%, Muslim 11.4%, Christian 2.31%, Buddhists 0.8%, Sikh 1.93%, Jains 0.41%, others or not stated 0.76% (2001 Census)^{[citation needed]}

Scheduled Castes and Tribes: Scheduled Castes: 16.2% (2001 Census) Scheduled Tribes: 8.2% (2001 Census)

Languages: See Languages of India and List of Indian languages by total speakers. There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these by far is Hindi with some 337 million (the second largest being Bengali with some 207 million). 22 languages are recognized as "official languages". In India, there are 1,652 languages and dialects in total.^[14][15]

Religious breakdown

Main article: Religion in India

Censuses were conducted in parts of India in the ancient times with examples such as Kautilya's Arthashastra which describes the collection of population statistics for taxation in 4th century B.C.. The British census in 1865-1872 was the first conducted in modern times in India.

The 2001 census figures released by the India Census Commission give a breakdown by various parameters including religion.

1. All figures in %.
2. Gender Ratio*: no of females/1000 males
3. Others including Bah�'�s, Jews, and Parsis.
4. Tribal Animists (and non religious) are grouped under Others after 1926 (1931 census onwards)

Table 2: Census information for 2001^[α][β]

Composition	Hindus[16]	Muslims[17]	Christians[18]	Sikhs[19]	Buddhist[20]	Jains[21]	Others[22]
% total of population 2005	80.5	13.4	2.3	1.9	0.8	0.4	0.6
10-Yr Growth % (est '91–'01)[23][β]	20.3	29.5	22.6	18.2	24.5	26	103.1
Sex ratio* (avg. 944)	935	940	1009	895	955	940	100
Literacy rate (avg. 79.9)	75.5	60.0	90.3	70.4	73.0	95.0	50.0
Work Participation Rate	40.4	31.3	39.7	37.7	40.6	32.9	48.4
Rural sex ratio[23]	944	953	1001	895	958	937	995
Urban sex ratio[23]	922	907	1026	886	944	941	966
Child sex ratio (0–6 yrs)	925	950	964	786	942	870	976

Source: The First Report on Religion: Census of India 2001^[24]

     α.   ^{^}  The data excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur

     β.   ^{^}  The data is "unadjusted" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir

It should also be noted that about 40% of the Hindus speak Hindi while the rest speak Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Gujarati,Kannada and other languages. Almost 70% of the Muslims speak Urdu while the rest speak Kashmiri, Bengali, Malayalam, Tamil, Gujarati and other languages. About one-third of the Christians speak Malayalam, one-sixth speak Tamil while the rest speak a variety of languages.

 

Ethnic groups

Unlike the USA, UK, and Australian Censuses, the national Census of India does not recognize racial or ethnic groups within India,^[25] but recognizes many of the tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes (see list of Scheduled Tribes in India).

It should be noted that Indo-Aryan, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman are racial and linguistic terms and denote members of these racial groups and speakers of their linguistic groups.

 

See also

• Ethnic groups in India
• Indian diaspora
• Geography of India
• Racial groups of India

 

References

1. ^ http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/poplaws/law_india/indiaappend3.htm
2. ^ SIL International. Ethnologue report for Language Isolate. Retrieved on 2007-10-11.
3. ^ India, a Country Study United States Library of Congress, Note on Ethnic groups
4. ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html#People
5. ^ http://www.censusindia.net/results/rudist.html
6. ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html#People
7. ^ http://www.censusindia.net/religiondata/
8. ^ http://www.censusindia.net
9. ^ http://www.censusindia.net/results/resultsmain.html
10. ^ http://www.censusindia.net/results/
11. ^ CIA World Factbook - India
12. ^ http://www.censusindia.net/results/provindia3.html
13. ^ http://www.censusindia.net/results/fseries_tables/data_highlights_F9_F10.pdf
14. ^ Mother Tongues of India According to the 1961 Census
15. ^ Rupert Goodwins. Smashing India's language barriers. ZDNet UK.
16. ^ Tables: Profiles by main religions: Hindus (PDF). Census of India 2001: DATA ON RELIGION. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
17. ^ Tables: Profiles by main religions: Muslims (PDF). Census of India 2001: DATA ON RELIGION. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
18. ^ Tables: Profiles by main religions: Christians (PDF). Census of India 2001: DATA ON RELIGION. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
19. ^ Tables: Profiles by main religions: Sikhs (PDF). Census of India 2001: DATA ON RELIGION. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
20. ^ Tables: Profiles by main religions: Buddhists (PDF). Census of India 2001: DATA ON RELIGION. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
21. ^ Tables: Profiles by main religions: Jains (PDF). Census of India 2001: DATA ON RELIGION. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
22. ^ Tables: Profiles by main religions: Other religions (PDF). Census of India 2001: DATA ON RELIGION. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
23. ^ ^{a b c} A snapshot of population size, distribution, growth and socio economic characteristics of religious communities from Census 2001 (PDF). Census of India 2001: DATA ON RELIGION pp1–9. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
24. ^ Tables: Profiles by main religions.. Census of India 2001: DATA ON RELIGION. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
25. ^ Kumar, Jayant. Census of India. 2001. September 4, 2006. http://www.censusindia.net/.

 

External links

Wikinews has related news:

India subsidizes girls' education to offset gender imbalance

• Census of India; Govt. site with detailed data from 2001 census
• Census of India map generator; generates maps based on 2001 census figures
• Census-2001 Religion wise data
• Demographic data for India; provides sources of demographic data for India
• Peopling of India
• Kokrajhar District Information Gateway - Census 2001
• Population Explosion in West Bengal: A Survey A Study by South Asia Research Society, Calcutta
• indianchild.com - Population of India
• District Level Estimates of Fertility from India’s 2001 Census